The First Cataract at Aswān, where the riverbed is turned into rapids by a belt of granite, was the country’s only well-defined boundary within a populated area. The Nile was Egypt’s sole transportation artery. Between the floodplain and the hills is a variable band of low desert that supported a certain amount of game. The country’s chief wealth came from the fertile floodplain of the Nile valley, where the river flows between bands of limestone hills, and the Nile delta, in which it fans into several branches north of present-day Cairo. Introduction to ancient Egyptian civilization Life in ancient EgyptĪncient Egypt can be thought of as an oasis in the desert of northeastern Africa, dependent on the annual inundation of the Nile River to support its agricultural population. For subsequent history through the contemporary period, see Egypt. This article focuses on Egypt from its prehistory through its unification under Menes (Narmer) in the 3rd millennium bce-sometimes used as a reference point for Egypt’s origin-and up to the Islamic conquest in the 7th century ce. Its many achievements, preserved in its art and monuments, hold a fascination that continues to grow as archaeological finds expose its secrets. Travel down the Nile to discover important ancient Egyptian cultural sites such as the Pyramids of Giza See all videos for this articleĪncient Egypt, civilization in northeastern Africa that dates from the 4th millennium bce.
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